Ornithomimus, Late CretaceousLance Formation, Alberta · named 1890
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Ornithomimus

OR-nith-oh-MY-mus

"bird mimic"

Lived
84 to 66 million years ago, Late Cretaceous
Diet
Omnivore
Length
about 4 m (13 ft)
Group
Theropods, Ornithomimidae
Found in
United States and Canada
Named by
Marsh 1890

Size comparison

To scale

Where its fossils were found

The evidence

Today

26 finds

75 million years ago

Map: C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP

Habitat

It probably lived among wooded river terraces, wet channels and low fernlike vegetation. In the Horseshoe Canyon Formation landscape, other dinosaurs included Edmontonia, Albertosaurus and Atrociraptor.

Field notes

About Ornithomimus

What it was like

Ornithomimus was a slender, fast-moving dinosaur that looked much like a giant, toothless ostrich, with long legs, a long neck, and a small head ending in a beak. It grew to about 4 meters (13 feet) long and was covered in feathers, though it could not fly.

Its toothless beak and long, slim hands suggest Ornithomimus was an omnivore, probably picking up plants, seeds, insects, and small animals as it foraged, more like a modern bird than a typical meat-eating dinosaur.

Its world

Ornithomimus lived from about 84 to 66 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous, across what are now the United States and Canada, including Alberta, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.

It shared its world with predators such as Tyrannosaurus, Troodon, and Dromaeosaurus, the armored Edmontonia, and the horned Triceratops, one of the most common plant eaters of the time.

How it was found

Marsh named Ornithomimus in 1890. With around 26 fossil finds known, it is one of the better-represented dinosaurs of its kind, giving paleontologists a good picture of its skeleton and feathers. Its closest relatives include Gallimimus, Struthiomimus, and Archaeornithomimus, all members of the ostrich-mimic family Ornithomimidae.

Lived alongside

Found in the same rock formations

A rock formation can hold fossils laid down millions of years apart, so not every animal here met Ornithomimus.

The evidence

The science behind Ornithomimus

Which parts of the picture come from its own bones, and which come from its relatives.

From its own fossils

  • Skeletons show a small toothless head, long neck, slender hindlegs and a long bony tail.
  • Young and adult fossils preserve a covering of filament-like feathers.
  • Adult forelimbs preserve feather shafts that formed winglike structures.

Borrowed from relatives

  • Much of its skeleton and body covering are known from its own fossils, so little needs to be borrowed from relatives.

Still unknown

  • The color and pattern of its feathers.
  • Whether its arm feathers served mainly for display or another purpose.
  • The balance of plants and small animals in its diet.

Often drawn wrong

  • A bare, reptile-like body leaves out its preserved feathers.
  • Teeth in the beak contradict its toothless jaws.
  • A short birdlike tail leaves out its long bony tail.

Discovery timeline

  1. 1890Named itMarsh
  2. 2012Growing upZelenitsky et al.
  3. 2016Skinvan der Reest, Wolfe & Currie

Key papers

The research behind what we know of Ornithomimus

Close relatives

Other members of Ornithomimidae

Sources: Wikidata