Ornithomimus
OR-nith-oh-MY-mus
"bird mimic"
- Lived
- 84 to 66 million years ago, Late Cretaceous
- Diet
- Omnivore
- Length
- about 4 m (13 ft)
- Group
- Theropods, Ornithomimidae
- Found in
- United States and Canada
- Named by
- Marsh 1890
Size comparison
To scale
Scale in meters
Where its fossils were found
The evidence
Today
75 million years ago
Habitat
It probably lived among wooded river terraces, wet channels and low fernlike vegetation. In the Horseshoe Canyon Formation landscape, other dinosaurs included Edmontonia, Albertosaurus and Atrociraptor.
Field notes
About Ornithomimus
What it was like
Ornithomimus was a slender, fast-moving dinosaur that looked much like a giant, toothless ostrich, with long legs, a long neck, and a small head ending in a beak. It grew to about 4 meters (13 feet) long and was covered in feathers, though it could not fly.
Its toothless beak and long, slim hands suggest Ornithomimus was an omnivore, probably picking up plants, seeds, insects, and small animals as it foraged, more like a modern bird than a typical meat-eating dinosaur.
Its world
Ornithomimus lived from about 84 to 66 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous, across what are now the United States and Canada, including Alberta, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.
It shared its world with predators such as Tyrannosaurus, Troodon, and Dromaeosaurus, the armored Edmontonia, and the horned Triceratops, one of the most common plant eaters of the time.
How it was found
Marsh named Ornithomimus in 1890. With around 26 fossil finds known, it is one of the better-represented dinosaurs of its kind, giving paleontologists a good picture of its skeleton and feathers. Its closest relatives include Gallimimus, Struthiomimus, and Archaeornithomimus, all members of the ostrich-mimic family Ornithomimidae.
Field gallery
More views of Ornithomimus
Scenes reconstructed from the available fossil evidence.
Lived alongside
Found in the same rock formations
Richardoestesiatheropod
Paronychodontheropod
Tyrannosaurustheropod
Triceratopsceratopsian
Troodontheropod
Edmontoniaankylosaur
Dromaeosaurustheropod
Ankylosaurusankylosaur
A rock formation can hold fossils laid down millions of years apart, so not every animal here met Ornithomimus.
The evidence
The science behind Ornithomimus
Which parts of the picture come from its own bones, and which come from its relatives.
From its own fossils
- Skeletons show a small toothless head, long neck, slender hindlegs and a long bony tail.
- Young and adult fossils preserve a covering of filament-like feathers.
- Adult forelimbs preserve feather shafts that formed winglike structures.
Borrowed from relatives
- Much of its skeleton and body covering are known from its own fossils, so little needs to be borrowed from relatives.
Still unknown
- The color and pattern of its feathers.
- Whether its arm feathers served mainly for display or another purpose.
- The balance of plants and small animals in its diet.
Often drawn wrong
- A bare, reptile-like body leaves out its preserved feathers.
- Teeth in the beak contradict its toothless jaws.
- A short birdlike tail leaves out its long bony tail.
Discovery timeline
- 1890Named itMarsh
- 2012Growing upZelenitsky et al.
- 2016Skinvan der Reest, Wolfe & Currie
Key papers
The research behind what we know of Ornithomimus
Named it
Named Ornithomimus from a foot and partial hand found in Colorado, noting its birdlike bones.
Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science s3-39: 81-86
Read the paper : Description of new dinosaurian reptiles (opens in a new tab)Growing up
Found filament-like feathers in young and adult Ornithomimus, with winglike arm structures appearing in older animals.
Feathered Non-Avian Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins. Science 338: 510-514
Read the paper : Feathered Non-Avian Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins (opens in a new tab)Skin
Described an Ornithomimus with extensive body and tail feathers, plus skin traces around the legs.
A densely feathered ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research 58: 108-117
Read the paper : A densely feathered ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada (opens in a new tab)
Close relatives
Other members of Ornithomimidae
Sources: Wikidata











