Lythronax, Late CretaceousWahweap Formation, Utah · named 2013
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Lythronax

LYE-thro-naks

"gore king"

Type species Lythronax argestes

Lived
84 to 72 million years ago, Late Cretaceous
Diet
Carnivore
Length
about 8 m (26 ft)
Group
Theropods, Tyrannosauridae
Found in
United States
Named by
Loewen et al. 2013

Size comparison

To scale

Where its fossils were found

The evidence

Today

1 find

80 million years ago

Map: C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP

Habitat

Rivers crossed the lowlands of Laramidia beside the Western Interior Seaway. Dinosaurs from the Wahweap Formation include Diabloceratops, Acristavus and Adelolophus.

Field notes

About Lythronax

What it was like

Lythronax was a heavily built tyrannosaurid, growing to around 8 meters (26 feet) long. Like its famous relative Tyrannosaurus, it had a broad rear skull and forward-facing eyes, giving it good depth perception for judging distance to prey.

Its forelimbs were small with two fingers, and its hindlimbs were powerful, the same basic build shared by all tyrannosaurids. The shape of its skull, wide at the back and narrow toward the snout, is one of the features that lets paleontologists tell it apart from its relatives.

Its world

Lythronax lived from about 84 to 72 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous, in what is now Utah. Its remains come from the Wahweap Formation.

It shared its world with the horned Diabloceratops, the hadrosaur Acristavus, and other plant eaters such as Adelolophus and Machairoceratops, on the western landmass of Laramidia, separated from the rest of North America by the Western Interior Seaway.

How it was found

Loewen and colleagues named Lythronax in 2013, giving it the species name Lythronax argestes. It is among the oldest known tyrannosaurids, older than close relatives such as Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus, Albertosaurus, and Daspletosaurus, making it important for understanding how the family's distinctive skull shape developed.

Lived alongside

Found in the same rock formations

A rock formation can hold fossils laid down millions of years apart, so not every animal here met Lythronax.

The evidence

The science behind Lythronax

Which parts of the picture come from its own bones, and which come from its relatives.

From its own fossils

  • Parts of the skull show a broad rear end and eyes directed forward.
  • The partial skeleton includes hip and hindlimb bones.

Borrowed from relatives

  • Short arms with two fingers are inferred from tyrannosaurids such as Tyrannosaurus.
  • Scaly skin follows preserved skin in Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus and other tyrannosaurids.
  • Lips over the teeth follow comparisons with other large theropods.

Still unknown

  • The proportions of its complete body.
  • Its own skin covering and color.
  • How its appearance changed as it grew.

Discovery timeline

  1. 2013Named itLoewen et al.
  2. 2017SkinBell et al.
  3. 2023Close relativeCullen et al.

Key papers

The research behind what we know of Lythronax

Close relatives

Other members of Tyrannosauridae

Sources: Wikidata