Chilantaisaurus, Late CretaceousTangshang Formation, China · named 1964
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Chilantaisaurus

chih-LAN-tye-SORE-us

Lived
94 to 84 million years ago, Late Cretaceous
Diet
Carnivore
Length
about 11 m (36 ft)
Group
Theropods, Neovenatoridae
Found in
China
Named by
Hu 1964

Size comparison

To scale

Where its fossils were found

The evidence

Today

2 finds

90 million years ago

Map: C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP

Habitat

The Ulansuhai landscape included river floodplains with seasonal changes. Sinornithomimus and Sinocephale are also known from the formation.

Field notes

About Chilantaisaurus

What it was like

Chilantaisaurus was a large carnivorous theropod known mainly from an incomplete skeleton, including a very large upper arm bone but almost no other limb material. That single bone is among the biggest arm bones known from any theropod, hinting at a powerfully built animal, though its overall size remains hard to pin down without more of the skeleton.

Its classification has shifted repeatedly since it was first described. Different studies have linked it to spinosaurids, to coelurosaurs, and to carcharodontosaurians, and the debate over where it belongs is still not settled.

Its world

Chilantaisaurus lived from about 94 to 84 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous, in what is now China. Its remains come from the Ulansuhai and Tangshang formations, laid down by winding rivers across a floodplain.

It shared this landscape with the ostrich-like Sinornithomimus and the thick-skulled Sinocephale, both known from the same rock layers.

How it was found

Hu named Chilantaisaurus in 1964, based on a partial skeleton found in China. Two fossil finds are known in total, still not enough to settle its relationship to genera such as Neovenator and Fukuiraptor, both proposed as close relatives in different studies.

Lived alongside

Found in the same rock formations

A rock formation can hold fossils laid down millions of years apart, so not every animal here met Chilantaisaurus.

The evidence

The science behind Chilantaisaurus

Which parts of the picture come from its own bones, and which come from its relatives.

From its own fossils

  • An enormous, strongly built upper arm bone shows that it had powerful forelimbs.
  • A large curved hand claw formed part of its grasping hand.

Borrowed from relatives

  • Missing body parts are restored by comparison with large theropods such as Neovenator, one of its proposed relatives.

Still unknown

  • The shape of its skull and its full adult length.
  • Its exact place in the theropod family tree.
  • Its skin covering and color.

Often drawn wrong

  • Giving it a snout like Spinosaurus turns a disputed family relationship into a fixed head shape.

Discovery timeline

  1. 1964Named itHu
  2. 2008Full descriptionBENSON & XING
  3. 2009Family treeBenson, Carrano & Brusatte

Key papers

The research behind what we know of Chilantaisaurus

Close relatives

Other members of Neovenatoridae

Sources: Wikidata